Diogènes

Description Catalog number:CL-202Cellular Luminescence Enhancement System for Superoxide DetectionEasy to Use – Specific for SuperoxideFrom 100-Fold to 600-Fold EnhancementRequires Fewer Cells – Non-CytotoxicDiogenes Cellular Luminescence Enhancement System is a superoxide chemiluminescent enhancer that is non-denaturing to living cells. Superoxide radical (O2–) is produced intracellularly as a consequence of aerobic metabolism and extracellularly by leukocytes in response to infection. The extent of oxidative burst produced by white blood cells (WBCs) when stimulated by f-met-leu-phe, phorbol esters, anti-Fc receptor antibodies, or LPS is a partial indicator of the immunocompetence of the cells tested.Currently, the production of O2–by leukocytes is monitored by such cumbersome and indirect methods as measuring oxygen uptake in a Clark electrode (both in the presence and absence of cyanide) or measuring spectral changes caused by the reduction of cytochrome c. As a non-cytotoxic intermediate in the mechanism of photon production, Diogenes is ideally suited to the detection of cell-mediated superoxide production. The intensity of light produced by Diogenes in the presence of superoxide is directly proportional to the O2–concentration but is much higher than that achieved by using luminol. Therefore, Diogenes is ideal for monitoring cellular immunocompetence, utilizing a luminometer to quantify the light output. Any stimulant that activates an oxidase to produce extracellular superoxide is usable with Diogenes. Such means can be physiological or mimetic of the physiologic pathway.Diogenes References:A highly sensitive chemiluminescence assay for superoxide detection and chronic granulomatous disease diagnosisTsuyoshi Yamazaki, Chikage Kawai, […], and Futoshi KuribayashiTrop Med Health. 2011 June; 39(2): 41–45.Identification of Renox, an NAD(P)H oxidase in kidneyMiklós Geiszt, Jeffrey B. Kopp, […], and Thomas L. LetoProc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 July 5; 97(14): 8010–8014.The adaptor protein p40phoxas a positive regulator of the superoxide-producing phagocyte oxidaseFutoshi Kuribayashi1, Hiroyuki Nunoi, Kaori Wakamatsu, Shohko Tsunawaki, Kazuki Sato, Takashi Ito, and Hideki SumimotoEMBO Journal (2002) 21, 6312 – 6320